*Allele- a certain trait or characteristic; usually designated by a letter (N for neck length)

*Big letters are dominant alleles; small letters are recessive alleles (N= long neck; n=short neck)

*Genotype- what you get when two alleles are put together from a mother and a father to create a certain characteristic or trait in the offspring(baby). They have to be the same letter but can be both big (dominant-NN), both small(recesive-nn), or one big and one small (Nn)

*Phenotype- the characteristic or trait that we see. Determined by the alleles that are present.

NN- the phenotype is long neck because both alleles are dominant

Nn- the phenotype is long neck because the dominant allele is always stronger

nn- the phenotype is short neck because both alleles are recessive